/*
 * audstrings.c
 * Copyright 2009-2012 John Lindgren and Ariadne Conill
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    provided with the distribution.
 *
 * This software is provided "as is" and without any warranty, express or
 * implied. In no event shall the authors be liable for any damages arising from
 * the use of this software.
 */

#include "audstrings.h"

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <new>

#include <glib.h>

#include "i18n.h"
#include "index.h"
#include "internal.h"
#include "runtime.h"

#define MAX_POW10 9
static const unsigned int_pow10[MAX_POW10 + 1] = {
    1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000};

static const char ascii_to_hex[256] =
    "\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0"
    "\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0"
    "\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0"
    "\x0\x1\x2\x3\x4\x5\x6\x7\x8\x9\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0"
    "\x0\xa\xb\xc\xd\xe\xf\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0"
    "\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0"
    "\x0\xa\xb\xc\xd\xe\xf\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0"
    "\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0";

static const char hex_to_ascii[16] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
                                      '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};

static const char uri_legal_table[256] =
    "\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0"
    "\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0"
    "\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x1\x1\x1" // '-' '.' '/'
#ifdef _WIN32
    /* We assume ':' is used with a "reserved purpose" (i.e. drive letter).
     * This assumption might need to be reconsidered for non-file URIs. */
    "\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0" // 0-9 ':'
#else
    "\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0\x0" // 0-9
#endif
    "\x0\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1"  // A-O
    "\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x0\x0\x0\x0\x1"  // P-Z '_'
    "\x0\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1"  // a-o
    "\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x1\x0\x0\x0\x1\x0"; // p-z '~'

static const char swap_case[256] =
    "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"
    "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"
    "\0abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\0\0\0\0\0"
    "\0ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\0\0\0\0\0";

#define FROM_HEX(c) (ascii_to_hex[(unsigned char)(c)])
#define TO_HEX(i) (hex_to_ascii[(i)&15])
#define IS_LEGAL(c) (uri_legal_table[(unsigned char)(c)])
#define SWAP_CASE(c) (swap_case[(unsigned char)(c)])

#ifdef _WIN32
#define IS_SEP(c) ((c) == '/' || (c) == '\\')
#else
#define IS_SEP(c) ((c) == '/')
#endif

/* strcmp() that handles nullptr safely */
EXPORT int strcmp_safe(const char * a, const char * b, int len)
{
    if (!a)
        return b ? -1 : 0;
    if (!b)
        return 1;

    return len < 0 ? strcmp(a, b) : strncmp(a, b, len);
}

/* ASCII version of strcasecmp, also handles nullptr safely */
EXPORT int strcmp_nocase(const char * a, const char * b, int len)
{
    if (!a)
        return b ? -1 : 0;
    if (!b)
        return 1;

    return len < 0 ? g_ascii_strcasecmp(a, b) : g_ascii_strncasecmp(a, b, len);
}

/* strlen() if <len> is negative, otherwise strnlen() */
EXPORT int strlen_bounded(const char * s, int len)
{
    if (len < 0)
        return strlen(s);

    const char * nul = (const char *)memchr(s, 0, len);
    if (nul)
        return nul - s;

    return len;
}

EXPORT StringBuf str_copy(const char * s, int len)
{
    if (len < 0)
        len = strlen(s);

    StringBuf str(len);
    memcpy(str, s, len);
    return str;
}

EXPORT StringBuf str_concat(const std::initializer_list<const char *> & strings)
{
    StringBuf str(-1);
    char * set = str;
    int left = str.len();

    for (const char * s : strings)
    {
        int len = strlen(s);
        if (len > left)
            throw std::bad_alloc();

        memcpy(set, s, len);

        set += len;
        left -= len;
    }

    str.resize(set - str);
    return str;
}

EXPORT StringBuf str_printf(const char * format, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    StringBuf str = str_vprintf(format, args);
    va_end(args);
    return str;
}

EXPORT void str_append_printf(StringBuf & str, const char * format, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    str_append_vprintf(str, format, args);
    va_end(args);
}

EXPORT StringBuf str_vprintf(const char * format, va_list args)
{
    StringBuf str(-1);
    int len = vsnprintf(str, str.len(), format, args);
    str.resize(len);
    return str;
}

EXPORT void str_append_vprintf(StringBuf & str, const char * format,
                               va_list args)
{
    int len0 = str.len();
    str.resize(-1);
    int len1 = vsnprintf(str + len0, str.len() - len0, format, args);
    str.resize(len0 + len1);
}

EXPORT bool str_has_prefix_nocase(const char * str, const char * prefix)
{
    return !g_ascii_strncasecmp(str, prefix, strlen(prefix));
}

EXPORT bool str_has_suffix_nocase(const char * str, const char * suffix)
{
    int len1 = strlen(str);
    int len2 = strlen(suffix);

    if (len2 > len1)
        return false;

    return !g_ascii_strcasecmp(str + len1 - len2, suffix);
}

/* Bernstein's hash function (unrolled version):
 *    h(0) = 5381
 *    h(n) = 33 * h(n-1) + c
 *
 * This function is more than twice as fast as g_str_hash (a simpler version of
 * Bernstein's hash) and even slightly faster than Murmur 3. */

EXPORT unsigned str_calc_hash(const char * s)
{
    unsigned h = 5381;

    int len = strlen(s);

    while (len >= 8)
    {
        h = h * 1954312449 + (unsigned)s[0] * 3963737313 +
            (unsigned)s[1] * 1291467969 + (unsigned)s[2] * 39135393 +
            (unsigned)s[3] * 1185921 + (unsigned)s[4] * 35937 +
            (unsigned)s[5] * 1089 + (unsigned)s[6] * 33 + s[7];

        s += 8;
        len -= 8;
    }

    if (len >= 4)
    {
        h = h * 1185921 + (unsigned)s[0] * 35937 + (unsigned)s[1] * 1089 +
            (unsigned)s[2] * 33 + s[3];

        s += 4;
        len -= 4;
    }

    switch (len)
    {
    case 3:
        h = h * 33 + (*s++);
    case 2:
        h = h * 33 + (*s++);
    case 1:
        h = h * 33 + (*s++);
    }

    return h;
}

EXPORT const char * strstr_nocase(const char * haystack, const char * needle)
{
    while (1)
    {
        const char * ap = haystack;
        const char * bp = needle;

        while (1)
        {
            char a = *ap++;
            char b = *bp++;

            if (!b) /* all of needle matched */
                return (char *)haystack;
            if (!a) /* end of haystack reached */
                return nullptr;

            if (a != b && a != SWAP_CASE(b))
                break;
        }

        haystack++;
    }
}

EXPORT const char * strstr_nocase_utf8(const char * haystack,
                                       const char * needle)
{
    while (1)
    {
        const char * ap = haystack;
        const char * bp = needle;

        while (1)
        {
            gunichar a = g_utf8_get_char(ap);
            gunichar b = g_utf8_get_char(bp);

            if (!b) /* all of needle matched */
                return (char *)haystack;
            if (!a) /* end of haystack reached */
                return nullptr;

            if (a != b &&
                (a < 128 ? (gunichar)SWAP_CASE(a) != b
                         : g_unichar_tolower(a) != g_unichar_tolower(b)))
                break;

            ap = g_utf8_next_char(ap);
            bp = g_utf8_next_char(bp);
        }

        haystack = g_utf8_next_char(haystack);
    }
}

EXPORT StringBuf str_tolower(const char * str)
{
    StringBuf buf(strlen(str));
    char * set = buf;

    while (*str)
        *set++ = g_ascii_tolower(*str++);

    return buf;
}

EXPORT StringBuf str_tolower_utf8(const char * str)
{
    StringBuf buf(6 * strlen(str));
    char * set = buf;
    gunichar c;

    while ((c = g_utf8_get_char(str)))
    {
        if (c < 128)
            *set++ = g_ascii_tolower(c);
        else
            set += g_unichar_to_utf8(g_unichar_tolower(c), set);

        str = g_utf8_next_char(str);
    }

    buf.resize(set - buf);
    return buf;
}

EXPORT StringBuf str_toupper(const char * str)
{
    StringBuf buf(strlen(str));
    char * set = buf;

    while (*str)
        *set++ = g_ascii_toupper(*str++);

    return buf;
}

EXPORT StringBuf str_toupper_utf8(const char * str)
{
    StringBuf buf(6 * strlen(str));
    char * set = buf;
    gunichar c;

    while ((c = g_utf8_get_char(str)))
    {
        if (c < 128)
            *set++ = g_ascii_toupper(c);
        else
            set += g_unichar_to_utf8(g_unichar_toupper(c), set);

        str = g_utf8_next_char(str);
    }

    buf.resize(set - buf);
    return buf;
}

EXPORT void str_replace_char(char * string, char old_c, char new_c)
{
    while ((string = strchr(string, old_c)))
        *string++ = new_c;
}

/* Percent-decodes <len> bytes of <str>.  If <len> is negative, decodes all of
 * <str>. */

EXPORT StringBuf str_decode_percent(const char * str, int len)
{
    if (len < 0)
        len = strlen(str);

    StringBuf buf(len);
    char * out = buf;

    while (1)
    {
        const char * p = (const char *)memchr(str, '%', len);
        if (!p)
            break;

        int block = p - str;
        memcpy(out, str, block);

        str += block;
        out += block;
        len -= block;

        if (len < 3)
            break;

        *out++ = (FROM_HEX(str[1]) << 4) | FROM_HEX(str[2]);

        str += 3;
        len -= 3;
    }

    memcpy(out, str, len);
    buf.resize(out + len - buf);
    return buf;
}

/* Percent-encodes <len> bytes of <str>.  If <len> is negative, encodes all of
 * <str>. */

EXPORT StringBuf str_encode_percent(const char * str, int len)
{
    if (len < 0)
        len = strlen(str);

    StringBuf buf(3 * len);
    char * out = buf;

    while (len--)
    {
        char c = *str++;

        if (IS_LEGAL(c))
            *out++ = c;
        else
        {
            *out++ = '%';
            *out++ = TO_HEX((unsigned char)c >> 4);
            *out++ = TO_HEX(c & 0xF);
        }
    }

    buf.resize(out - buf);
    return buf;
}

EXPORT StringBuf filename_normalize(StringBuf && filename)
{
    int len;
    char * s;

#ifdef _WIN32
    /* convert slash to backslash on Windows */
    str_replace_char(filename, '/', '\\');
#endif

    /* remove current directory (".") elements */
    while ((len = filename.len()) >= 2 &&
           (!strcmp((s = filename + len - 2), G_DIR_SEPARATOR_S ".") ||
            (s = strstr(filename, G_DIR_SEPARATOR_S "." G_DIR_SEPARATOR_S))))
        filename.remove(s + 1 - filename,
                        aud::min(s + 3, filename + len) - (s + 1));

    /* remove parent directory ("..") elements */
    while ((len = filename.len()) >= 3 &&
           (!strcmp((s = filename + len - 3), G_DIR_SEPARATOR_S "..") ||
            (s = strstr(filename, G_DIR_SEPARATOR_S ".." G_DIR_SEPARATOR_S))))
    {
        *s = 0;
        char * s2 = strrchr(filename, G_DIR_SEPARATOR);
        if (!s2)
            *(s2 = s) = G_DIR_SEPARATOR;

        filename.remove(s2 + 1 - filename,
                        aud::min(s + 4, filename + len) - (s2 + 1));
    }

    /* remove trailing slash */
#ifdef _WIN32
    if ((len = filename.len()) > 3 &&
        filename[len - 1] == '\\') /* leave "C:\" */
#else
    if ((len = filename.len()) > 1 &&
        filename[len - 1] == '/') /* leave leading "/" */
#endif
        filename.resize(len - 1);

    return std::move(filename);
}

/* note #1: recommended order is filename_contract(filename_normalize(f)) */
/* note #2: currently assumes filename is UTF-8 (intended for display) */
EXPORT StringBuf filename_contract(StringBuf && filename)
{
    /* replace home folder with '~' */
    const char * home = get_home_utf8();
    int homelen = home ? strlen(home) : 0;

    if (homelen && !strncmp(filename, home, homelen) &&
        (!filename[homelen] || IS_SEP(filename[homelen])))
    {
        filename[0] = '~';
        filename.remove(1, homelen - 1);
    }

    return std::move(filename);
}

/* note #1: recommended order is filename_normalize(filename_expand(f)) */
/* note #2: currently assumes filename is UTF-8 (intended for display) */
EXPORT StringBuf filename_expand(StringBuf && filename)
{
    /* expand leading '~' */
    if (filename[0] == '~' && (!filename[1] || IS_SEP(filename[1])))
    {
        const char * home = get_home_utf8();

        if (home && home[0])
        {
            filename[0] = home[0];
            filename.insert(1, home + 1, -1);
        }
    }

    return std::move(filename);
}

EXPORT StringBuf filename_get_parent(const char * filename)
{
    StringBuf buf = filename_normalize(str_copy(filename));
    const char * base = last_path_element(buf);

    if (!base)
        return StringBuf();

#ifdef _WIN32
    if (base - buf > 3) /* leave "C:\" */
#else
    if (base - buf > 1)           /* leave leading "/" */
#endif
        buf.resize(base - buf - 1);
    else
        buf.resize(base - buf);

    return buf;
}

EXPORT StringBuf filename_get_base(const char * filename)
{
    StringBuf buf = filename_normalize(str_copy(filename));
    const char * base = last_path_element(buf);

    if (base)
        buf.remove(0, base - buf);

    return buf;
}

EXPORT StringBuf
filename_build(const std::initializer_list<const char *> & elems)
{
    StringBuf str(-1);
    char * set = str;
    int left = str.len();

    for (const char * s : elems)
    {
        if (set > str && !IS_SEP(set[-1]))
        {
            if (!left)
                throw std::bad_alloc();

            *set++ = G_DIR_SEPARATOR;
            left--;
        }

        int len = strlen(s);
        if (len > left)
            throw std::bad_alloc();

        memcpy(set, s, len);

        set += len;
        left -= len;
    }

    str.resize(set - str);
    return str;
}

#ifdef _WIN32
#define URI_PREFIX "file:///"
#define URI_PREFIX_LEN 8
#else
#define URI_PREFIX "file://"
#define URI_PREFIX_LEN 7
#endif

/* Like g_filename_to_uri, but converts the filename from the system locale to
 * UTF-8 before percent-encoding (except on Windows, where filenames are assumed
 * to be UTF-8).  On Windows, replaces '\' with '/' and adds a leading '/'. */

EXPORT StringBuf filename_to_uri(const char * name)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    StringBuf buf = str_copy(name);
    str_replace_char(buf, '\\', '/');
#else
    StringBuf buf;

    /* convert from locale if:
     * 1) system locale is not UTF-8, and
     * 2) filename is not already valid UTF-8 */
    if (!g_get_charset(nullptr) && !g_utf8_validate(name, -1, nullptr))
        buf = str_from_locale(name);
#endif

    buf = str_encode_percent(buf ? buf : name);
    buf.insert(0, URI_PREFIX);
    return buf.settle();
}

/* Like g_filename_from_uri, but optionally converts the filename from UTF-8 to
 * the system locale after percent-decoding (except on Windows, where filenames
 * are assumed to be UTF-8).  On Windows, strips the leading '/' and replaces
 * '/' with '\'.  If the input is not a valid URI, it is assumed to be a local
 * filename already and is not percent-decoded. */

EXPORT StringBuf uri_to_filename(const char * uri, bool use_locale)
{
    StringBuf buf;

    if (!strncmp(uri, URI_PREFIX, URI_PREFIX_LEN))
        buf = str_decode_percent(uri + URI_PREFIX_LEN);
    else if (!strstr(uri, "://")) /* already a local filename? */
        buf = str_copy(uri);
    else
        return StringBuf();

#ifndef _WIN32
    /* convert to locale if:
     * 1) use_locale flag was not set to false, and
     * 2) system locale is not UTF-8, and
     * 3) decoded URI is valid UTF-8 */
    if (use_locale && !g_get_charset(nullptr) &&
        g_utf8_validate(buf, buf.len(), nullptr))
    {
        StringBuf locale = str_to_locale(buf);
        if (locale)
            buf = std::move(locale);
    }
#endif

    /* if UTF-8 was requested, make sure the result is valid */
    if (!use_locale)
    {
        buf = str_to_utf8(std::move(buf));
        if (!buf)
            return StringBuf();
    }

    return filename_normalize(buf.settle());
}

/* Formats a URI for human-readable display.  Percent-decodes and, for file://
 * URI's, converts to filename format, but in UTF-8. */

EXPORT StringBuf uri_to_display(const char * uri)
{
    if (!strncmp(uri, "stdin://", 8))
        return str_copy(_("Standard input"));
    if (!strncmp(uri, "cdda://?", 8))
        return str_printf(_("Audio CD, track %s"), uri + 8);

    StringBuf buf = str_to_utf8(str_decode_percent(uri));
    if (!buf)
        return str_copy(_("(character encoding error)"));

    if (!strncmp(buf, URI_PREFIX, URI_PREFIX_LEN))
    {
        buf.remove(0, URI_PREFIX_LEN);
        return filename_contract(filename_normalize(std::move(buf)));
    }

    return buf;
}

#undef URI_PREFIX
#undef URI_PREFIX_LEN

static const char * parse_subtune(const char * str, int * isub_p)
{
    const char * c = strrchr(str, '?');
    int isub = 0;
    char junk;

    if (c && sscanf(c + 1, "%d%c", &isub, &junk) != 1)
        c = nullptr;
    if (isub_p)
        *isub_p = isub;

    return c;
}

EXPORT void uri_parse(const char * uri, const char ** base_p,
                      const char ** ext_p, const char ** sub_p, int * isub_p)
{
    const char * end = uri + strlen(uri);
    const char *base, *ext, *sub, *c;

    if ((c = strrchr(uri, '/')))
        base = c + 1;
    else
        base = end;

    if ((c = parse_subtune(base, isub_p)))
        sub = c;
    else
        sub = end;

    if ((c = strrchr(base, '.')) && c < sub)
        ext = c;
    else
        ext = sub;

    if (base_p)
        *base_p = base;
    if (ext_p)
        *ext_p = ext;
    if (sub_p)
        *sub_p = sub;
}

EXPORT StringBuf uri_get_scheme(const char * uri)
{
    const char * delim = strstr(uri, "://");
    return delim ? str_copy(uri, delim - uri) : StringBuf();
}

EXPORT StringBuf uri_get_extension(const char * uri)
{
    const char * ext;
    uri_parse(uri, nullptr, &ext, nullptr, nullptr);

    if (ext[0] != '.')
        return StringBuf();

    ext++; // skip period

    // remove subtunes and HTTP query strings
    const char * qmark = strchr(ext, '?');
    return str_copy(ext, qmark ? qmark - ext : -1);
}

EXPORT StringBuf uri_get_display_base(const char * uri)
{
    const char *base, *ext;
    uri_parse(uri, &base, &ext, nullptr, nullptr);

    if (ext > base)
        return str_to_utf8(str_decode_percent(base, ext - base));

    return StringBuf();
}

/* Constructs a full URI given:
 *   1. path: one of the following:
 *     a. a full URI (returned unchanged)
 *     b. an absolute filename (in UTF-8 or the system locale)
 *     c. a relative path (character set detected according to user settings)
 *   2. reference: the full URI of the playlist containing <path>
 *
 * Valid subtune suffixes such as '?3' are preserved. */

EXPORT StringBuf uri_construct(const char * path, const char * reference)
{
    /* URI */
    if (strstr(path, "://"))
        return str_copy(path);

    StringBuf buf;
    auto sub = parse_subtune(path, nullptr);
    if (sub)
    {
        /* split out subtune suffix so it isn't percent-encoded */
        buf = str_copy(path, sub - path);
        path = buf;
    }

#ifdef _WIN32
    if (path[0] && path[1] == ':' && IS_SEP(path[2]))
#else
    if (path[0] == '/')
#endif
    {
        /* absolute filename */
        buf = filename_to_uri(path);
    }
    else
    {
        /* relative path */
        const char * slash = strrchr(reference, '/');
        if (!slash)
            return StringBuf();

        buf = str_to_utf8(path, -1);
        if (!buf)
            return StringBuf();

        if (aud_get_bool("convert_backslash"))
            str_replace_char(buf, '\\', '/');

        buf = str_encode_percent(buf);
        buf.insert(0, reference, slash + 1 - reference);
    }

    /* re-add subtune suffix */
    if (sub)
        buf.insert(-1, sub);

    return buf.settle();
}

/* Basically the reverse of uri_construct().
 * First try to split off a relative path (if so configured).
 * Failing that, try to convert to a local filename.
 * Failing that, return the URI as-is.
 *
 * All output is UTF-8 for portability.
 *
 * Parameters:
 *   1. uri: the full URI of a song file
 *   2. reference: the full URI of the playlist being written */

EXPORT StringBuf uri_deconstruct(const char * uri, const char * reference)
{
    if (aud_get_bool("export_relative_paths"))
    {
        const char * slash = strrchr(reference, '/');
        if (slash && !strncmp(uri, reference, slash + 1 - reference))
        {
            StringBuf path =
                str_to_utf8(str_decode_percent(uri + (slash + 1 - reference)));
            if (path)
                return path;
        }
    }

    StringBuf filename = uri_to_filename(uri, false);
    if (filename)
        return filename;

    return str_copy(uri);
}

/* Like strcasecmp, but orders numbers correctly (2 before 10). */
/* Non-ASCII characters are treated exactly as is. */
/* Handles nullptr gracefully. */

EXPORT int str_compare(const char * ap, const char * bp)
{
    if (!ap)
        return bp ? -1 : 0;
    if (!bp)
        return 1;

    unsigned char a = *ap++, b = *bp++;
    for (; a || b; a = *ap++, b = *bp++)
    {
        if (a > '9' || b > '9' || a < '0' || b < '0')
        {
            if (a <= 'Z' && a >= 'A')
                a += 'a' - 'A';
            if (b <= 'Z' && b >= 'A')
                b += 'a' - 'A';

            if (a > b)
                return 1;
            if (a < b)
                return -1;
        }
        else
        {
            int x = a - '0';
            for (; (a = *ap) <= '9' && a >= '0'; ap++)
                x = 10 * x + (a - '0');

            int y = b - '0';
            for (; (b = *bp) >= '0' && b <= '9'; bp++)
                y = 10 * y + (b - '0');

            if (x > y)
                return 1;
            if (x < y)
                return -1;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

/* Decodes percent-encoded strings, then compares them with str_compare. */

EXPORT int str_compare_encoded(const char * ap, const char * bp)
{
    if (!ap)
        return bp ? -1 : 0;
    if (!bp)
        return 1;

    unsigned char a = *ap++, b = *bp++;
    for (; a || b; a = *ap++, b = *bp++)
    {
        if (a == '%' && ap[0] && ap[1])
        {
            a = (FROM_HEX(ap[0]) << 4) | FROM_HEX(ap[1]);
            ap += 2;
        }
        if (b == '%' && bp[0] && bp[1])
        {
            b = (FROM_HEX(bp[0]) << 4) | FROM_HEX(bp[1]);
            bp += 2;
        }

        if (a > '9' || b > '9' || a < '0' || b < '0')
        {
            if (a <= 'Z' && a >= 'A')
                a += 'a' - 'A';
            if (b <= 'Z' && b >= 'A')
                b += 'a' - 'A';

            if (a > b)
                return 1;
            if (a < b)
                return -1;
        }
        else
        {
            int x = a - '0';
            for (; (a = *ap) <= '9' && a >= '0'; ap++)
                x = 10 * x + (a - '0');

            int y = b - '0';
            for (; (b = *bp) >= '0' && b <= '9'; bp++)
                y = 10 * y + (b - '0');

            if (x > y)
                return 1;
            if (x < y)
                return -1;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

EXPORT Index<String> str_list_to_index(const char * list, const char * delims)
{
    char dmap[256] = {0};

    for (; *delims; delims++)
        dmap[(unsigned char)(*delims)] = 1;

    Index<String> index;
    const char * word = nullptr;

    for (; *list; list++)
    {
        if (dmap[(unsigned char)(*list)])
        {
            if (word)
            {
                index.append(String(str_copy(word, list - word)));
                word = nullptr;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (!word)
            {
                word = list;
            }
        }
    }

    if (word)
        index.append(String(word));

    return index;
}

EXPORT StringBuf index_to_str_list(const Index<String> & index,
                                   const char * sep)
{
    StringBuf str(-1);
    char * set = str;
    int left = str.len();
    int seplen = strlen(sep);

    for (const String & s : index)
    {
        int len = strlen(s);
        if (len + seplen > left)
            throw std::bad_alloc();

        if (set > str)
        {
            memcpy(set, sep, seplen);

            set += seplen;
            left -= seplen;
        }

        memcpy(set, s, len);

        set += len;
        left -= len;
    }

    str.resize(set - str);
    return str;
}

/*
 * Routines to convert numbers between string and binary representations.
 *
 * Goals:
 *
 *  - Accuracy, meaning that we can convert back and forth between string and
 *    binary without the number changing slightly each time.
 *  - Consistency, meaning that we get the same results no matter what
 *    architecture or locale we have to deal with.
 *  - Readability, meaning that the number one is rendered "1", not "1.000".
 *
 * Values between -1,000,000,000 and 1,000,000,000 (inclusive) are guaranteed to
 * have an accuracy of 6 decimal places.
 */

static unsigned str_to_uint(const char * string, const char ** end = nullptr,
                            const char * stop = nullptr)
{
    unsigned val = 0;
    for (char c; string != stop && (c = *string) >= '0' && c <= '9'; string++)
        val = val * 10 + (c - '0');

    if (end)
        *end = string;

    return val;
}

static uint64_t str_to_uint64(const char * string, const char ** end = nullptr,
                              const char * stop = nullptr)
{
    uint64_t val = 0;

    for (char c; string != stop && (c = *string) >= '0' && c <= '9'; string++)
        val = val * 10 + (c - '0');

    if (end)
        *end = string;

    return val;
}

static int digits_for(uint64_t val)
{
    int digits = 1;

    for (; val >= 1000; val /= 1000)
        digits += 3;
    for (; val >= 10; val /= 10)
        digits++;

    return digits;
}

static void uint_to_str(unsigned val, char * buf, int digits)
{
    for (char * rev = buf + digits; rev > buf; val /= 10)
        *(--rev) = '0' + val % 10;
}

static void uint64_to_str(uint64_t val, char * buf, int digits)
{
    for (char * rev = buf + digits; rev > buf; val /= 10)
        *(--rev) = '0' + val % 10;
}

EXPORT int str_to_int(const char * string)
{
    bool neg = (string[0] == '-');
    if (neg || string[0] == '+')
        string++;

    unsigned val = str_to_uint(string);
    return neg ? -val : val;
}

EXPORT int64_t str_to_int64(const char * string)
{
    bool neg = (string[0] == '-');
    if (neg || string[0] == '+')
        string++;

    uint64_t val = str_to_uint64(string);
    return neg ? -val : val;
}

EXPORT double str_to_double(const char * string)
{
    bool neg = (string[0] == '-');
    if (neg || string[0] == '+')
        string++;

    const char * p;
    double val = str_to_uint(string, &p);

    if (*(p++) == '.')
    {
        const char * end;
        double decimal = str_to_uint(p, &end, p + MAX_POW10);
        val += decimal / int_pow10[end - p];
    }

    return neg ? -val : val;
}

EXPORT void str_insert_int(StringBuf & string, int pos, int val)
{
    unsigned absval = val;
    bool neg = (val < 0);
    if (neg)
        absval = -absval;

    int digits = digits_for(absval);
    int len = (neg ? 1 : 0) + digits;
    char * set = string.insert(pos, nullptr, len);

    if (neg)
        *(set++) = '-';

    uint_to_str(absval, set, digits);
}

EXPORT void str_insert_int64(StringBuf & string, int pos, int64_t val)
{
    uint64_t absval = val;
    bool neg = (val < 0);
    if (neg)
        absval = -absval;

    int digits = digits_for(absval);
    int len = (neg ? 1 : 0) + digits;
    char * set = string.insert(pos, nullptr, len);

    if (neg)
        *(set++) = '-';

    uint64_to_str(absval, set, digits);
}

EXPORT void str_insert_double(StringBuf & string, int pos, double val)
{
    bool neg = (val < 0);
    if (neg)
        val = -val;

    unsigned i = floor(val);
    unsigned f = round((val - i) * 1000000);

    if (f == 1000000)
    {
        i++;
        f = 0;
    }

    int decimals = f ? 6 : 0;
    for (; decimals && !(f % 10); f /= 10)
        decimals--;

    int digits = digits_for(i);
    int len = (neg ? 1 : 0) + digits + (decimals ? 1 : 0) + decimals;
    char * set = string.insert(pos, nullptr, len);

    if (neg)
        *(set++) = '-';

    uint_to_str(i, set, digits);

    if (decimals)
    {
        set += digits;
        *(set++) = '.';
        uint_to_str(f, set, decimals);
    }
}

EXPORT StringBuf int_to_str(int val)
{
    StringBuf buf;
    str_insert_int(buf, 0, val);
    return buf;
}

EXPORT StringBuf int64_to_str(int64_t val)
{
    StringBuf buf;
    str_insert_int64(buf, 0, val);
    return buf;
}

EXPORT StringBuf double_to_str(double val)
{
    StringBuf buf;
    str_insert_double(buf, 0, val);
    return buf;
}

EXPORT bool str_to_int_array(const char * string, int * array, int count)
{
    Index<String> index = str_list_to_index(string, ", ");

    if (index.len() != count)
        return false;

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        array[i] = str_to_int(index[i]);

    return true;
}

EXPORT StringBuf int_array_to_str(const int * array, int count)
{
    Index<String> index;

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        index.append(String(int_to_str(array[i])));

    return index_to_str_list(index, ",");
}

EXPORT bool str_to_double_array(const char * string, double * array, int count)
{
    Index<String> index = str_list_to_index(string, ", ");

    if (index.len() != count)
        return false;

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        array[i] = str_to_double(index[i]);

    return true;
}

EXPORT StringBuf double_array_to_str(const double * array, int count)
{
    Index<String> index;

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        index.append(String(double_to_str(array[i])));

    return index_to_str_list(index, ",");
}

EXPORT StringBuf str_format_time(int64_t milliseconds)
{
    bool neg = milliseconds < 0;

    if (neg)
        milliseconds *= -1;

    int hours = milliseconds / 3600000;
    int minutes = milliseconds / 60000;
    int seconds = (milliseconds / 1000) % 60;

    if (hours && aud_get_bool("show_hours"))
        return str_printf("%s%d:%02d:%02d", neg ? "- " : "", hours,
                          minutes % 60, seconds);
    else
    {
        bool zero = aud_get_bool("leading_zero");
        return str_printf(zero ? "%s%02d:%02d" : "%s%d:%02d", neg ? "- " : "",
                          minutes, seconds);
    }
}
